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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .
When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.
Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.
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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .
All of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.
Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.
One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all the documents that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .
Like the virtual drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.
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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each one of these products to get a sense of the different options.
After you copy a file into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .
Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .
Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what's left.
An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.
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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the products accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.
If you're an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.
Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.
With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.
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Using this program in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .
If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.